Organic & Inorganic Chemistry

Fundamentals and classification in organic chemistry

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Organic molecules contain carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded to other atoms, and various chains of carbon atoms can be found in most every molecule.carbon has four valence electrons, and therefore will make four bonds in accordance with the octet rule. All non-carbon-to-carbon bonds will be assumed to be carbon-hydrogen bonds, as hydrogen atoms are the most commonly found attached atom. Hydrogen has one valence electron, and will make one covalent bond. The carbon atom is capable of making single, double, and triple bonds, as well as bonding with oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, or bromine. Oxygen has six valence electrons, and will make two covalent bonds. A single bond and a double bond are both possible for oxygen atoms. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, and will make three covalent bonds. Single, double, and triple bonds are all possibilities for nitrogen atoms. Chlorine and bromine each have seven valence electrons, and will make one covalent bond.